List of Figures

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List of Figures

3-1 Branch Model
4-1 Oriented Ordering
4-2 Branch Representation: branch $k$ between buses $i$ (sending) and $k$ (receiving) and load demand and shunt admittances at both buses
5-1 Nose Curve of Voltage Magnitude at Bus 9
6-1 Relationship of $wi$ to $ri$ for $di = 1$ (linear option)
6-2 Relationship of $wi$ to $ri$ for $di = 2$ (quadratic option)
6-3 Constrained Cost Variable
6-4 Marginal Beneﬁt or Bid Function
6-5 Total Cost Function for Negative Injection
6-6 Generator $P$ - $Q$ Capability Curve
7-1 Adding Constraints Across Subsets of Variables
7-2 DC Line Model
7-3 Equivalent “Dummy” Generators
7-4 Feasible Region for Branch Flow Violation Constraints

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